Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking. Kafala System in...

Summary Since the introduction of Kafala system, also known as sponsorship system, in the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) along with Lebanon and Jordan in Mashriq region, some serious human rights violations have aroused. Kafala system is a sponsorship system designed to regulate and employ migrant workers in countries compromising of GCC states (Qatar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, the Kingdom of Bahrain, Kuwait, and Sultanate of Oman), Jordan, and Lebanon. Under the sponsorship system, a contract is signed between worker and recruitment agency for a minimum of 2 years, in which sponsor assumes full legal and economic responsibility of the migrant, including visa status, residence, living conditions, wages, and health†¦show more content†¦However, as Qatar started its colossal preparation and constructions for FIFA World Cup 2022, massive human rights violations were recorder by Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, sparkling heavy criticism and condemnation throughout the world. In this document I will identify human rights violations in GCC countries and Lebanon under the Kafala system and try to explore how thousands of employers abuse millions of migrant workers. I will also document the problems of â€Å"exit visa† in Saudi Arabia and Qatar, scarce living conditions and health problems of migrant workers, violence against migrant domestic workers in Lebanon, violation of freedom in Saudi Arabia, and violation of basic labor rights in Qatar during the preparation of FIFA World Cup 2022. I will conclude the report by identifying the violations under Intentional Law and giving recommendations to countries which use Kafala system. Background Historically, the Kafala system was never intended to be the main source of exploitation and abuse of migrants. Khan and Harroff-Tavel claim in their article that, â€Å"The sponsorship system is a time-honored tradition of the Bedouin principle of hospitality, which sets obligations in the treatment and protection of foreign guests† (Khan Harrof-Tavel, 2011, p. 294). However, over some period of time, its purpose and practice has dramatically changed. The necessity of Kafala system was increased after the discovery ofShow MoreRelatedUnderstandings and Approaches to Human Trafficking in the Middle East 1496 Words   |  6 Pagesbe the primary destination for trafficking victims, as they calculated that there are around 600,000 forced labour victims within the region to date (13). This seemingly widespread issue of human trafficking within the Middle East has been subject to significant media coverage and global debate. There are three major elements at the centre of this deb ate: issues around the interpretations of the widely accepted UN’s Palermo Protocol’s definition of human trafficking, concerns in regards to the depictions

Understanding Behaviours and Attitudes Towards Social Networking Free Essays

The fast development of social networking that has been detected over the last 2-3 years is indicative of its entry into straight life and it’s mixed with our daily lives. In addition to this, there has also been significant media coverage of the development of social networking, its rapid positive results and worries around the approach. For the purpose of this research report I have intentionally put light on the social and communications facets of social networking sites. We will write a custom essay sample on Understanding Behaviours and Attitudes Towards Social Networking or any similar topic only for you Order Now The SNS also have some drawbacks associated, such as confusion over privacy settings, probable contact with people one doesn’t know and the unintentional penalties of publicly posting delicate individual material. The purpose of this report is therefore to provide evidence-based insights into the social networking phenomenon which can be used to inform current understanding of usage and societal impacts in the UK, and to help identify some of the current and potential future issues around people’s use of social networking sites. Like other communications tools, social networking sites have certain rules, conventions and practices which users have to navigate to make them understood and avoid difficulties. These range from the etiquette of commenting on other peoples profiles to understanding who one should and shouldn’t add as a ‘friend’. Conceptual Framework Engaging with Social Networking Sites The Social networking sites also preferred to as SNS in the document offer people new and diverse ways to communicate via the internet, from PC or mobile phone. According to Dwyer et al (2007), a social network service focuses on building online communities of people who share interests and/or their activities. Today, there are more than 650 social network sites in the world (Stern, 2006), but no one knows exactly the number. Examples include MySpace, Facebook and Bebo. Creator of SNS authorized people to normally create their own online page, construct and show to online contacts called ‘friend’. According to Boyd (2004), reasons for connecting with friends in social network can be varied and doesn’t unavoidably mean friendship in the daily dialect sense. Users can communicate to other user with the help of their profile they have created. Social networking sites are built for users to interact for different purposes like business, general chatting, meeting with friends and colleagues, etc. SNS offer a gloriously direct tool for what Goffman(1972) calls â€Å"impression management†: the profile page. Just as your choice of clothing and hairstyle signals how you think of yourself (and want others to think of you), so does your choice of profile photo. Many users choose to display the most flattering photographs of themselves that they can. It is also helpful in politics, dating, with the interest of getting numerous advantages with the people they meet. Anecdotal evidence suggests that social interaction with political content of interest is important for young adults (e. g. , Steller, 2008). A study by Conners (2005) reported that Democratic Senate candidates were more likely than Republicans to use Meetup, blogs and other interactive online tools in 2004. (ssrn. om)Recently, the use of network sites has increased overtime with the improvement in technology and the use of mobile phone to surf the web and statistics have shown that 90% of people on the internet at one point in time or the other are visiting SNS (Boyd and Ellison, 2007). Attitudes and behaviours towards social networking sites Users of Social networkers fall into different groups Social networkers are different in approaches to SNS and in their behaviour while usin g them. The site users come under five distinct groups. These are as follows: * Leading Socialisers – (a minority) people who are using sites intentionally to encounter new folks, flirt and to be entertained. * Attention Seekers – (some) are those people who need attention and comments from others online, normally by posting photos and edit their profiles. * Followers – (many) are those people who joined SNS to follow what their peers are doing. * Faithful – (many) people who normally use SNS to renew old friendships, sometimes from school or university. Functional – (a minority) those person who wants to be single while using SNS for a specific purpose. * Focussed – (Mostly business users – Recently added user group) Some users of the sites will create the profile to research the market’s response in a specific geography for the predictions of their business in their geography. Also, as this is an easier way to reach a wider and global consumer base, many corporate houses globally a re using these social sites to advertise or endorse their products and promotions. Non-users comes under into different groups Non-users come under three groups; these are the group those who don’t use the SNS: * Concerned about safety – those people who are concerned about safety online, in specific creation personal details accessible online. According to Smith (2007), seven per cent of American sample said they had been contacted ‘by a stranger who made them feel scared or uncomfortable’. * Technically inexperienced – those people who don’t have knowledge for using internet and computer. Intellectual rejecters – people don’t have interest in SNS and think that it’s a waste of time. How people use social networking sites Profile Creation People normally create their profiles on the basis of their knowledge. User Profiles are normally set questioned as per the site, so it is very optional and depends upon the person what he needs to publish on the site. Normally Users enjoy editing their profiles, watch ing video, playing online games, posting photos. Users generally enjoy from the process of creating a social network, creating a list of friends and using friend’s list to browse profiles. Users share individual material with a wide range of ‘friends’. Communicating with their friends is the most famous social networking activity, but most of adults use their profile to communicate with people they do not know. A few users also mention negative aspects of social networking, and these included anger at others using sites for self-importance, parties organised online getting out of hand, and online bullying. Privacy and safety Privacy and safety issues on social networking sites did not emerge as ‘top of mind’ for most users. Information exchange activities operationalized as the activities of interaction among members of a community that acts as a source of information for other members to deepen and expand friendship (Gruen et al. , 2006. 2007). At most of the time Users of the SNS leaves privacy settings as default ‘open’. Generally those who are new, they give out sensitive personal information, photographs and other content about themselves. Sites define some subset of a profile (such as the user’s name and affiliation) visible by default for searching and identification. Most sites also allow users to relax or strengthen their definition of public information. Privacy expectations in social networks are based on relationships. Typical social networks support friends and networks with privileged access. (Felt, Adrienne, and Evans, David. (2008). Research Strategy I will do a qualitative research to examine in depth people’s attitudes to online social networking, their behaviours while using social networking ites, and the reasons why they use these sites. This will contain an analysis of the research based on several distinct user and non-user segments. Also, I will research on the positive aspects of social network in relation to marketing and research and use of SNS for global business empowerment. This qualitative research will find the use of and attitudes towards social networking sites (both for users and non-users) falling into several distinct segments. Although qualitative in nature, these segments provide an interesting insight into how people currently use and view social networking sites. They also help to highlight that site users are not a uniform group in terms of use, attitudes or behaviour. It will also explain the importance of the segments for users and non-users on different bases. User segments will be organised on the basis of how users will behave when using social networking sites and the non-user segments will be focused why they will stop using the basis of non-users’ reasons for not using the sites. How to cite Understanding Behaviours and Attitudes Towards Social Networking, Essay examples

The Haunting free essay sample

The Haunting In â€Å"The Haunting† by Joan Lowery Nixon develops the protagonist and antagonist in the beginning and middle of the novel. Lowery presents the protagonist Lia Starling, and the antagonist Mr. Slade the evil in the Graymoss Plantation. The author gives the readers that Lia’s a typical teenager with a love of literature; but when she’s in the hospital at her great grandmother’s deathbed, her great-grandma thought she was her mom Anna Starling and she was telling her about Graymoss and telling her, â€Å"Graymoss is there. It’s waiting. † In The Haunting, Lia finds that Graymoss was being haunted when Placide Blevins died and that’s when the evil thing’s started; Charlotte got scared of her own home, and the evil pushed her cousin on the veranda. At the end of The Haunting, Lia forces Mr. Slade out of Graymoss; she feels the house is safe for her parents’ to complete their dream. We will write a custom essay sample on The Haunting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Throughout The Haunting, the interactions of Lia and Mr. Slade drive the plot of the novel. The Haunting, Lia is terrified that her great-grandma was talking about Graymoss and was on the verge of dying; when Sarah died Lia explained to her mother and grandmother what Sarah told her (10). When Lia has Charlotte’s diary she trying to figure out why the Plantation is evil and being haunted. Lia’s and her parents decided to look at the house to see how many rooms it has; so Lia and Jolie went to a voodoo shop to get something to protect herself, and she got gris-gris from the cashier, and she was instructed to keep around neck under her shirt at all times (54). When the readers read all that they get intense, exited, and they don’t want to put the novel down, but readers just can’t stop reading The Haunting. In the middle of The Haunting, the reader got to read who the antagonist is in Charlotte’s diary and Charlotte describes Mr. Slade’s a cruel, villainy, nasty, thief, coward, and a rotten man (27-28). Readers get the sense what Charlotte had when she first saw Mr. Slade. The plantation was going to get burned because the Army’s officers were drunk and was telling their commander, but he responded on telling the too shut your mouths and calm down (30). Mr. Slade was even threatening Charlotte on telling her that she’s a prized position because of the war (29). The reader’s felt upset when Mr. Slade told to Charlotte that on her birthday readers just wants to tell Mr. Slade to go away from Graymoss and never come back. Lia herself felt sorry for Charlotte for what she heard. At the end of the novel, Lia had to go to the house and fight off Mr. Slade and tell him to go and you’re free from where you hide (183). At the end the readers feel relieved that the house is safe from Mr. Slade;s evil doing; instead of telling her parents and grandma on saying that she got rid of the evil in the house and the house is now safe to live in, she calls the sheriff and reported a murder (184). The readers are shocked that Lia had called the police instead to a party to make some friends or to have a good time. Readers are going to love The Haunting because its such a good book. Joan Lowery Nixon genre is in the Gothic era, and readers can tell she happy with her books because people are reading them. Some young women can relate to Nixons main character Lia; with a love of reading, hanging with her friends, and a sense of adventure. Lia calls all the women in her family Women Who Are Exceptionally Brave and Lia takes pride that she has her name on the banner. Readers are proud of Lia for standing up to the evil, so her parents can fulfill their dream. The whole novel is a good book to read because they’re so much about the plantation and the characters that you cant get enough of and you dont want the novel to end.